Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Based metal oxide nanocomposite for removal of organic dyes

This thesis explores the green synthesis, characterization, and environmental applications of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based metal oxide nanocomposites for the effective removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media. The work is framed within the context of sustainable nanotechnology and focuses on multifunctional nanocomposite systems combining metal oxide nanoparticles with polymeric matrices to enhance photocatalytic, adsorptive, and catalytic performance.
Four novel nanocomposite systems were developed and systematically investigated:
1. Mn?O?/PVP nanocomposites for sunlight-driven degradation of bromophenol blue and o-toluidine dyes.
2. MgO@SnO?/PVP composites for the adsorption of heavy metals and contaminants from petroleum wastewater.
3. CuO/Ni/Fe?O? nanocomposites synthesized using gallic acid for dual functionality in CO? methanation and photocatalytic hydrogen production.
4. NiO/Ni@PVA electrospun nanofibers for efficient soap extraction from crude biodiesel.

All nanomaterials were synthesized using eco-friendly routes, employing plant-based reducing agents and polymeric stabilizers. Structural, morphological, and surface properties were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, TGA, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The performance of the nanocomposites was evaluated through adsorption and photodegradation experiments under simulated and natural sunlight. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models were applied to describe adsorption mechanisms, while molecular docking simulations were employed to visualize the interactions between dye molecules and the active surfaces of the composites at the molecular level.
The results demonstrate the effectiveness of polymer-supported metal oxide nanocomposites in achieving high degradation and removal efficiencies, structural stability over multiple cycles, and enhanced environmental compatibility. This research provides valuable insights into the design of green nanomaterials for water treatment, energy recovery, and environmental remediation, contributing to the advancement of sustainable nanotechnology.