Study of the Pharmacological Effect of Ocimum basilicum L. and Manganese Nanosizes Against Physiological and Biochemical Alterations in Wistar Rats

The primary aim of this study was to develop liposomes as a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) encapsulating basil aqueous extract, along with the green synthesis of MnO NPs. The research sought to assess their curative capability against changes caused by sub-chronic exposure to metribuzin in male Wistar albino rats. For in vitro study, bioactive molecules were extracted and phytochemical compounds were identified and quantified utilizing multiple analytical methods. Moreover, the green synthesis of MnO NPs was confirmed by using UVVis, FTIR, Zeta potential, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM and EDS techniques. In vitro biological activities of basil including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic activities were studied. In vitro biological applications of MnO NPs including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, anticancer and catalytic properties were examined. Liposomes encapsulating basil extract were formulated. Furthermore, an in vivo acute toxicity test of basil and MnO NPs were done on Wistar rats. For in vivo rats study, thirty-six albino Wistar rats, weighing between 202.81ł5.44 g, were divided into 6 groups (n=6); G 1: rats used as control group (Control), G 2: metribuzin treated rats' group (MTZ), G 3: rats were exposed to metribuzin, given direct basil extract (BE), G 4: rats were exposed to metribuzin and received intraperitoneal injections of BE-loaded liposomes (BE-LPs), G 5: rats were exposed to metribuzin and given intraperitoneal administrations of MnO NPs (MnO NPs), G 6: rats were exposed to metribuzin and received intraperitoneal injections of BE- and MnO NPs-loaded liposomes (BE-MnO NPs-LPs). G 1, G 2 and G 3 were injected with physiological saline solution. Metribuzin intoxication was induced through oral administration in drinking water ( mg/kg) over an 8-week period. For last 4 weeks, the rats were treated with BE, BE-LPs, MnO NPs, and BE-MnO NPs-LPs. The weight gain of each organ was measured. SOD, GPx, GSTs, CAT, GSH and MDA levels in each were measured in order to evaluate oxidative stress status. The tissue histology of the organs was examined. Various biochemical parameters and hematological markers were estimated. In vitro results of phytochemical analysis revealed that Ocimum basilicum L. contains multitude of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds. The results indicated that the MnO NPs exhibited a spherical shape with an average size of 6.52 ł 0.88 nm. Basil extract and MnO NPs have significant biological activities. No mortality or any symptoms of toxicity effects were noted on the acute toxicity test at all basil extract and MnO NPs' doses tested. Microscopic images revealed that liposomes containing Ocimum basilicum L. extract were tiny, round vesicles. In vivo results indicate that exposure to metribuzin leads to various adverse effects, including hyperglycemia, microcytic anemia, inflammation, learning and memory deficits. Additionally, metribuzin exhibits toxic effects on multiple organ systems, such as the liver,brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, testis, and muscles. The treatment of BE, BE-LPs, MnO NPs, and BE-MnO NPs-LPs significantly improved all the above-mentioned parameters. Basilcontaining liposomes possess a variety of bioactive compounds that act as potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. MnO NPs offer therapeutic and preventive benefits to various organs due to their unique properties. These liposomes and MnO NPs are likely to reduce the harmful effects of metribuzin by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which are the main causes of cell damage. In conclusion, our research revealed that rats exposed to metribuzin herbicide exhibited several adverse effects, including increased organ weight, oxidative stress, hematological and biochemical alteration, inflammation, and structural changes in their organ tissues. We successfully synthesized MnO NPs and formulated liposomes as a novel drug delivery system loaded basil extract, which is rich in bioactive compounds, both to both treat the toxic effects caused by metribuzin exposure