Contribution to the biological characterization of bioactive compounds from Juniperus communis and Artemisia herba-alba with stimulating effect on Bacillus safensis probiotic

Incorporating probiotics within a plant matrix is still being thought of as a crucial element for improving probiotic strain activity. In this regard, the main objective of this study is the evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo effects of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts obtained from common plant species used to treat gastrointestinal diseases by traditional healers (Artemesia herba-alba, Juniperus communis) on probiotic bacteria properties isolated from camel milk in El-Oued region. A series of surveys were carried out in the study area among traditional healers with the aim of acquiring the maximum amount of information on medicinal plants used for gastrointestinal disorders treatment. Standard operating protocols were applied for the extraction of phenolic components and for quantitative and qualitative analysis. However, HPLC analysis was used to identify and quantify each unique phenolic component. The probiotic properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo with Artemesia herba-alba and Juniperus comminus extracts, after isolating strains from camel milk and identifying them using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Based on an ethnobotanical survey, the most often used species by traditional healers in Oued Souf region are Juniperus communis (UV value = 0.75) and Artemisia herba-alba (UV value = 0.85). The HPLC analysis revealed that quercetin makes up the majority of the compounds in the hydroethanolic extract and the crude extracts of Juniperus communis. The quantitative estimation of total polyphenols of Artemisia herba-alba indicated that hydroethanolic extract exhibited a high content of polyphenols with 104.54 ł 0.35 mg GAE/g AHE compared to aqueous extract (58.89 ł 0.22 mg GAE/g AAE). Whereas Juniperus communis aqueous extract demonstrated a greater polyphenol value (103.80ł0.30 mg GAE/g JAE) than the hydroethanolic extract (78.11ł0.27 mg GAE/g JHE). Regarding the total flavonoid content, the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia herba-alba showed lower content (4.88ł0,075 mg QE/g AAE and 2.06ł0,03 mg QE/g AHE, respectively). But Juniperus communis hydroethanolic extract had the highest amounts of total flavonoids (17.05ł0.13 mg QE/g JHE) than aqueous extract (15.85ł0.80 mg QE/g JAE). The isolates lactic acid bactria are related to strains of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus safensis, according to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In vitro results of the effect of different extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis on the bacterial probiotic properties showed an increase in the growth of bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics with their inability to resist pathogenic strains, due to the strong resistance of the latter to dairy strains. The combination restored the healthy intestinal wall structure and returned the blood's biochemical properties to normal levels. Additionally it reduces the symptoms of intestinal inflammation by lowering the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels. Finally, the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis have a positive effect on Bacillus safensis properties, which contribute to the use of medicinal products for improving the nutritional value of dairy products